Condylography from A to Z. From analysis to clinical application

– Systematic functional analysis (CFA)

– Anatomical structures and occlusal functions

– Definition of "function", "dysfunction" and "impaired function"

– The treatment strategy. The role of condylography in this strategy

– The role of condylography in the oral rehabilitation.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Movements of the lower jaw:

- protrusion

- retrusion

- mediotrusion and laterotrusion

- opening movement

- closing movement

- free movements

- tooth-guided movements

- manipulated movements

- functional movements

- special movements.

– Special signals and artifacts in condylography.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Paraocclusal clutch

– Adjustment and stabilizing of the upper facebow

– Determination of the anterior orientation point of the axis-orbital plane

– The lower bow

– Positioning of the styli

– Recording the rotation of the hinge axis

– Geometry of the recording systems, possible artifacts.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Condylographic data for occlusal design and functional analysis

– Macroscopic anatomy of the TMJ

– Orientation of the TMJ in centric relation

– The cranio-mandibular system

– Clinical evaluation of the TMJ

– Occlusal index

– Four physiologic end-feels

– Hard inelastic end feel (hard end-point).

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Degrees of freedom and rotational axes of the TMJ

– Orientation of the condyles and fossae

– Cross-section of fossa and articular eminence

– Definition of the hinge axis

– Movements of the hinge axis.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Movement inwards - mediotrusion

– The mediotrusive condyle

– Bennet movement: description by Bennet and condylographic record

– Immediate side shift - abrupt initial movement to the side.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Laterotrusion

– Working side and non-working side

– Laterotrusive side in condylography

– Examples of typical latreotrusive condylographic recordings.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Sagittal, horizontal and frontal planes

– Coordinate system

– Movements of the hinge axis and the incision inferius.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Condylographic recording

– Recording with the Cadiax® System. Sequence. Protocol for initial diagnostics

– Visual control during recording

– Goal of precise recording. Optimal analytic possibilities.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Terminal hinge (axis) location

– Definition

– Location

– Determination

– Reference (RP) and therapeutic (ThP) position.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Historical review of axiography

– What is pantograph

– Reference plane of articulation system

– Transfering hinge axis into articulator.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Chewing muscles

– M.masetter

– M.temporalis

– M.pterygiodeus lateralis and medialis

– M.pterygiodeus lateralis, caput inferius

– M.digastricus and suprahyiodale muscles

– Relationships with condylography.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Systematic description of a condylography

– Description and analysis in relation to the coordinate system

– An analysis process.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Normal values for parameter quantity

– Quantity length in the sagittal view

– Quantity of the free movement

– Quantity of the protrusion. Parameters for opening and mediotrusion

– Quantity general or partial reduced

– Quantity and skeletal Class 3

– Quantity and radius of the trajectory

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Good, average and bad quality

– Excellent quality

– Very poor quality

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Terminology and definitions

– Concave, straight, convex and changing characteristic

– Physiological characteristic

– Changing characteristic: initial convexity

– Changing characteristic: sectors with different radius

– Similar characteristics with different inclinations

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Stability and instability of the TMJ

– Positions of the TMJ

– Quality of recording

– Start and endpoint. Difference from reference position

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Excursive and incursive movements

– Separation movements

– Assessment criteria for minor separations

– Typical separations

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Protrusion, opening and mediotrusion

– The Fisher angle

– Coincidence of the movements in the middle section

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Anatomical and dysfunctional asymmetries

– A right-left condylographic symmetry

– Asymmetry of protrusion

– Asymmetry of the Bennet movements

– Asymmetry of functional movements

– Protrusive bruxing

– Speech and chewing

– Condylographic asymmetries

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Basic assumption of the condylography

– Description of special findings and special signals

– Special condylographic signals possible related to joint noises

– Special signals to be recognized during the description of a condylography

– Special signals in condylography and therapeutic indications

– Special signals in condylography that indicate disturbed movement dynamics

– Dynamic analysis of condylography.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– The Bennet movement. Different definitions

– The Bennet angle

– Fisher angle

– Separation of protrusion and mediotrusion in condylography

– Description of the Bennet movement in condylography

– Mandibular lateral translation

– Transversal position changes

– Analysis and description of the Bennet movement

– Transversal movements

– Therapeutic effects.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Condylography and articulator

– Reference plane and coordinate system

– Arcon articulators

– Non-arcon articulators

– SCI parameter

– TCI parameter

– Sagittal characteristic.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Protrusion and retrusion on the condylography

– Opening and closing on the condylography

– Mediotrusion on the condylography

– Free and manipulated movements difference

– Wording.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Defining the so-called Slavicek concept
– Interpretation and enabling therapeutic decisions with condylogram
– Comparison between the different condylography recording systems
– Condylographic data for occlusal reconstruction
– Defining the difference in terminology between condylograph, condylography, and condylogram
– The aim of condylographic interpretation
– The functional aim of the stomatognathic system
– Expectation of condylogram.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Mandibular movement under physiological conditions
– Diagnostic criteria of craniomandibular dysfunction and temporomandibular dysfunction
– Fundamentals of synovial joint movement
– Physiology of synovial joint dynamics
– Diagnostic criteria for the most common pain-related temporomandibular disorder
– The six principles of temporomandibular dysfunction screening
– Interpretation of a condylogram.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Morphological alterations of the osseous structures
– Diagnostic criteria of craniomandibular dysfunction and temporomandibular dysfunction: 

- Physical diagnosis
- MRI, CT scan, panoramic X-ray
- psychosocial status.

– Condylar head alterations: 

- Hypoplasia and hyperplasia
- Subcortical cysts
- Osteophytes.

– Disc diagnosis for TMJ using MRI and CT scan.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Condylographic interpretation with osseous structural changes of the TMJ
– Morphological changes of osseous structures in condylography
– Osteoarthritis of the TMJ: diagnostic and therapeutic goals
– Etiology and pathogenetic pathways of arthritis with inflammation.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Condylographic interpretation of trauma to the TMJ condyle
– Condylographic interpretation of fracture with luxation
– Condylographic interpretation of fracture without luxation
– TMJ CT-imaging: analysis of morphological alterations
– Merging condylographic data with CT and MRI imaging
– Closed and open mouth MRI imaging of the TMJ
– Evaluation of osteoarthritic changes on MRI and condylographic interpretation.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– International classification of orofacial pain
– Defining and classification of myofascial pain
– Primary vs. secondary myofascial pain
– Biopsychosocial model of pain
– Impact of pain on mandibular movement and proprioception of the craniomandibular system
– Analysis of mandibular range of motion (MROM)
– Analysis of maximum bite force (MBF)
– TMJ proprioception in condylography: evaluation of function and occlusion.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Myofascial pain pressure threshold and functional impairment
– Protocols for muscle and joint palpation
– Analysis of mandibular range of motion in relation to muscular function
– Condylographic interpretation of free protrusion and retrusion movements
– Condylographic interpretation of free mediotrusion and mediotrusion right movements
– Condylographic interpretation of free opening and closing movements.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Superimposition of all mandibular movements on the condylograph
– Positive impact of dental structures and occlusion on mandibular movements
– Involvement of the neuromuscular system in mandibular movement
– Interpretation of mandibular movement on the condylograph.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Symptomatology of muscles and tendons
– Pathological pathways of tendinosis and tendonitis
– Healing of ligaments: complete healing, functional repair, and healing with defects
– Hypermobility and over-rotation of the TMJ.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Increased mobility of the lower compartment of the TMJ
– Analysis and superimposition on a condylograph of:

- Protrusion and retrusion
- Free mediotrusion and mediotrusion to the right and left
- Free opening and closing movements.

– Condylographic analysis of guided protrusion and retrusion
– Condylographic analysis of guided mediotrusion and mediotrusion to the left.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Condylographic interpretation of guided protrusion, retrusion, and bruxism left and right
– Condylographic interpretation of mastication left and right
– Condylographic interpretation of all free movements of the TMJ
– Evaluation of the initial stages of internal derangement
– Risk factors of disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and without reduction (DDWoR).

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Articular disc imaging: position, form, and structure
– Disc position in physiological and displaced conditions
– Disc shape and position in open and closed mouth
– MRI analysis of changes in soft tissue components of the TMJ
– Typical condylographic and clinical signs of anterior disc displacement with reduction (aDDwR)
– Dynamics of anterior disc displacement with reduction (aDDwR). 

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Systematic description of condylographic interpretation of free open and close movements
– Systematic description of condylographic interpretation of protrusion and retrusion movements
– Systematic description of condylographic interpretation of free left mediotrusion movements
– Condylographic interpretation of speech and chewing movements.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Reciprocal clicking noise interpretation in condylography
– Joint noises due to anterior disc displacement with reduction (aDDwR) and without reduction (aDDwoR)
– Ligamental noise: differential diagnosis during recording
– Anterior disc displacement without reduction (aDDwoR) during:

- Mediotrusion movement
- Open and close movements.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Defining occlusal parameters
– Analysis of altered occlusal function
– Morphological occlusal parameters
– Occlusal involvement and signs and symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction and temporomandibular dysfunction
– Justification of oral rehabilitation and occlusal restoration.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Indications and advantages of full mouth oral rehabilitation
– Gnathological instruments application in occlusal rehabilitation
– Condylography interpretation for occlusal rehabilitation cases.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Angle classification and anterior dental relation during chewing movements
– Impact of occlusion on the status of patients
– Analysis of all hinge axis movements
– Bilateral chewing and atypical chewing patterns
– Class 2 malocclusion impact on mandibular movement.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.

– Posterior and anterior guidance
– Impact of occlusion on mastication
– Speech and occlusion
– Occlusal function in retrusion and protrusion
– Pathogenetic link and reduced chewing muscle activity
– Maintaining and re-establishing occlusal chewing surfaces and lingual morphology of upper anterior teeth.

Recommended for: Functional dentists.