Root canal preparation and apical refinement

– Types of instruments: characteristics, properties and indications

– Reciproc instruments: evolution and myths. Reciproc options and their benefits

– Mechanism of reciprocal movement: torsion and cyclic fatigue

– 3D reconstruction of root canals: microcracks

– Heat treatment of NiTi alloys: advantages and disadvantages

– File design: recommendations for selection depending on the clinical situation

– Single-file technique: principles and advantages

– Innovation in root canal treatment: minimally invasive treatment techniques

– Canals with double curvature: treatment recommendations

– Selective crown enlargement: technique and advantages

– Apical preparation: tasks, tools, recommendations.

Recommended for: Endodontists, General dentists.